Islam and Human Rights

In Islam - Islam is a religion that teaches the universal justice for all humans indiscriminately. Islam as a religion of humanity put man on a very noble position. Man described by the Qur'an as being the most perfect and should be glorified. Leaning from the view of these scriptures, the protection of and respect for human rights in Islam is none other than the demands of Islam that must be implemented by the any adherents.

In Islam, as stated by Abu al-A'la Maududi, HAM is right the male God Almighty is not supernatural. to every human being and can not be revoked or reduced by any agency or authority. The rights given by God it is permanent and eternal.

According to among Islamic scholars, there are two concepts of rights in Islam: human rights (haq al insan) and the rights of God. One other and intertwined and mutually informing. Human rights informing God right and vice versa, so in practice cannot be separated one from the other. For example, in the exercise of the right of God in the form of worship is prayer, a devout muslim has the obligation to embody the moral message of worship to pray in his social life.

Sayings glorifying God's name (takbir) in the beginning of the prayers and greeting (welfare) at the end of the prayer is the requirement for every muslim to spreading peace to her people on the basis of the Majesty of God. With another expression, the rights of God and of human rights in Islam teachings contained in the daily worship. Islam does not separate between God and human rights.

While human rights, such as property rights, every human being has the right to manage the property. Nevertheless, Islam emphasizes that on any human rights there are rights of God; even if someone has the right to make use of his wealth, but he should not use his family's possessions for purposes that are contrary to the teachings of God. Justice as the core of Islamic teachings emphasize that ownership rights should have social value.

The discourse of HUMAN RIGHTS is not new in the history of Islamic civilization. Islamic experts say HUMAN RIGHTS discourse in Islam much earlier than with the concept of HUMAN RIGHTS that arise in the West. According to them, Islam came by carrying the message of universal human rights. According to Maududi, the teachings on HUMAN RIGHTS contained in the Charter of the Magna Charta created 600 years after the arrival of Islam in Arabia.

There are three (3) forms of human rights violations (human rights) in Islam.

• fundamental rights (rights daruri), something considered fundamental rights when those rights are violated, not only makes people miserable, but also lost its existence, even lost the dignity of his humanity. Simple examples of these rights include the right to life, the right to security, and the right to own property.

• the secondary Rights, i.e. the rights that if not met would result in a loss of rights essentially as human beings. For example, if a person loses the right to earn a decent food clothing, then it will result in the loss of the right to life.

• tertiary Rights, i.e. the rights of lower grades of primary and secondary rights.

Islamic concept of HUMAN RIGHTS can be found in the primary source of Islam, the Qur'an and the Hadith. Whereas the implementation of HUMAN RIGHTS can be referred to the practice of everyday life-hariNabi Muhammad, known as the Sunna (traditions) of the Prophet Muhammad. Milestones of history civilization of Islam as a religion of HUMAN RIGHTS is a declaration of the birth of the Prophet Muhammad in Medina, known as the Charter of Medina.

There are two principal HUMAN RIGHTS principles in the Charter of Medina. First, all adherents of Islam is the one people despite their different tribes. Second, the relationship between the community of Muslims with non-Muslims based on the principles of:

1. in interact well with fellow neighbors; 

2. Help each other in the face of a common enemy; 

3. To defend those who are oppressed; 

4. exhort each other; 

5. Respect religious freedom. An inclusive view of the humanitarian Charter Medina later became the spirit of the Universal Declaration of HUMAN RIGHTS in Islamic Cairo, the Declaration is known as the Cairo Declaration that was born on August 5, 1990.

Energized by the message inclusive Madeenah Charter, the inception of the Cairo Declaration of HUMAN RIGHTS provisions containing the following:

1. The rights of equality and freedom; 

2. the right to life; 

3. The right of self-protection; 

4. The right of personal honor; 

5. The rights of the family; 

6. The right of equality of women with men; 

7. Rights of the child from parents; 

8. rights to get an education; 

9. The right of freedom of religion;

10. The right of freedom to seek asylum; 

11. rights to obtain employment; 

12. rights to obtain the same treatment; 

13. proprietary rights; 

14. The rights of detainees and convicts.

Islamic law if compared to the views or thoughts (law) (Europe, especially American) on human rights will be a visible difference. The difference occurs because the thought of (the law) the West looked at human rights solely antroposentris, meaning centred on human beings. With that in mind it's very human is at stake. In contrast, the view of Islamic law which is teosentris, meaning that it centered on God. Human is important, but more is God.

Due to differences of views, there is the main differences between the Universal Declaration of human rights sponsored by the West with Muslims. The Cairo Declaration of the year 1990, for example, issued by the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), including Indonesia, was also the official founding of Islam concerning HUMAN RIGHTS; different frameworks see with the Declaration or statement of HUMAN RIGHTS issued or sponsored by Western countries. Stated in the Declaration that all the rights and freedoms of the terumus in the Declaration subject to Sharia or Islamic law. The only measure, regarding human rights, is the Islamic Shari'ah.